When I stand on the ball of my foot, my whole heel is painful. What causes the pain?

Question by abbey: When I stand on the ball of my foot, my whole heel is painful. What causes the pain?
My whole heel is painful when I raise my heel while walking, when I attempt to stand with the heel raised or stand on tip toe. Is the pain caused by achilles tendonitis or is it another type of injury? What causes the pain?

Best answer:

Answer by Fred S
You may be suffering from plantar fasciitis, since that movement places undue stress on the plantar fascia. Plantar Fasciitis is a painful inflammatory condition causing heel pain and in some people, heel spurs. It can also result in arch pain. Plantar Fasciitis is often caused by abnormal pronation of the foot and improper arch support. Contributing factors are weight gain, intense physical activity, jobs that require a lot of walking or standing on hard surfaces, or shoes with poor arch support.

Research has found that a combination of proper exercises and arch support by wearing orthotic insoles can provide effective relief for plantar fasciitis.

An explanation of the importance that proper arch support plays in controlling over-pronation, and some stretching exercises for relief are provided in the links below:

Add your own answer in the comments!

Calotropis gigantea, Giant Milkweed, Crown flower ….Cây B?ng B?ng, bàng bi?n, Lá Hen

Check out these chronic pain centers images:

Calotropis gigantea, Giant Milkweed, Crown flower ….Cây B?ng B?ng, bàng bi?n, Lá Hen


Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Vietnamese named : B?ng B?ng , Lá hen, Bàng bi?n
English names : Giant Milkweed, Giant Calotrope, Crown flower.
Scientist name : Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton
Synonyms : Calotropis gigantea ( Linn.) Dryand
Family : Apocynaceae / Asclepiadoideae . H? La B? Ma / chi B?ng B?ng

Searched from :

**** WIKI
vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_B%C3%B2ng_b%C3%B2ng

Chi Bòng bòng (hay chi B?ng b?ng) (danh pháp khoa h?c: Calotropis) là m?t chi th?c v?t trong phân h? Bông tai (Asclepiadoideae) c?a h? La b? ma (Apocynaceae) v?i 6-8 loài cây s?n xu?t ra nh?a cây có màu gi?ng nh? s?a. Chúng là các loài c? d?i khá ph? bi?n ? nhi?u n?i trên th? gi?i. Hoa c?a chúng th?m và th??ng ???c dùng làm các lo?i ‘qu? tua hoa’ ? m?t vài n?i thu?c ?ông Nam Á.

**** YKHOA.NET
www.ykhoanet.com/yhoccotruyen/baiviet/29_430.htm

Ch?a ?au nh?c r?ng b?ng cây nhà lá v??n
Ng?t lá cây hen (còn g?i là cây b?ng b?ng, cây bàng bi?n), l?y nh?a ti?t ra ??t vào h? r?ng c?ng gi?m ???c ?au nh?c. Cây có tên khoa h?c Calotropis gigantea, cao 5-7 m. Cành có lông tr?ng. Lá m?c ??i dài 15-20 cm, r?ng 5-10 cm, ch?a ho?t ch?t Calotropin. Hoa màu tr?ng xám ho?c ??m h?ng. Qu? nhi?u h?t. Dân gian th??ng dùng h?t ?? ch?a ?au r?ng và ch?a hen.

**** VIETNAM CREATURES.NET
www.vncreatures.net/chitiet.php?page=1&loai=2&ID=…
Tên Vi?t Nam:
B?ng b?ng

Tên Latin:

Calotropis gigantea
H?: Thiên lý Asclepiadaceae
B?: Long ??m Gentianales
L?p (nhóm): Cây làm thu?c

Mô t?:
Cây nh?, m?c thành xim g?m nhi?u tán ? nách hay ? ng?n. Qu? ??i hình giáo. H?t có mào lông. Toàn cây có nh?a m?.
Phân b?:
Loài c?a ?n ??, Xri Lanca, Mianma, Trung Qu?c, Vi?t Nam, In?ônêxia, Malaixia. ? n??c ta cây m?c nhi?u n?I t? b?c chí Nam. Th??ng m?c trên ??t có cát ? các t?nh ven bi?n, nh?ng c?ng g?p ? ??ng b?ng và c? ? vùng trung du. Cây c?ng th??ng ???c tr?ng b?ng nh?ng ?o?n cành.
Công d?ng:
Có khi ???c tr?ng làm cây c?nh, làm hàng rào. Lá th??ng dùng tr? ho, hen suy?n, l? ng?a. Còn dùng ch?a ng? ??c, r?n c?n, m?n m?, b??u, ?inh nh?t, ?au r?ng, ?au mi?ng, ?au m?t, ?au tim, b?nh hoa li?u, b?nh ??u mùa, b?nh ngoài da, v?t c?n, v?t ??t và các v?t th??ng khác.
? ?n ??, ng??i ta còn dùng c?n thu?c chi?t t? lá ?? ?I?u tr? b?nh s?t rét c?n. Nh?a m? dùng v?i li?u th?p làm thu?c gây nôn, li?u cao s? gây ??c. Th??ng dùng ch?a ki?t l? nh?. Dùng ngoài ??p tr? viêm kh?p, ??p lên các gh? m?n, các v?t loét, l?u, giang mai. Tr?n v?i m?t ong dùng ?? ??p lên các m?n loét trong mi?ng. T?m vào bông r?i vò viên nhét vào l? r?ng ?au s? làm ng?ng ?au nh?c. Nh?a cây ph?i h?p v?i nh?a x??ng r?ng 5 c?nh làm thu?c x?; c?ng dùng gây nôn v?i li?u cao và còn dùng ?? ??u tr? b?nh phong h?i, ki?t l? và dùng ??p tr? b?nh s?ng chân voi. Hoa nghi?n b?t dùng tr? c?m, ho hen và tiêu hoá kém. ? Trung Qu?c, ng??i ta dùng lá tr? háo suy?n, ho gà, viêm nhánh khí qu?n; v? r? dùng tr? gh? và b?nh giang mai.

Mô t? loài: Tr?n H?p – Phùng m? Trung.

**** TRUNG TÂM PHÒNG CH?NG NHI?M ??C : Xin nh?p và ???ng link ?? xem thông tin ??y ??, c?m ?n .
hocvienquany.vn/trungtamchongdoc/HoSoCSDL.aspx?ID=13

________________________________________________________

**** WIKI
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotropis_gigantea

Calotropis gigantea (Crown flower) is a species of Calotropis native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and China.
It is a large shrub growing to 4 m tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in colour. Each flower consists of five pointed petals and a small, elegant "crown" rising from the centre, which holds the stamens. The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem.

The flowers last long, and in Thailand they are used in various floral arrangements. They were also supposed to be popular with the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani, who considered them as symbol of royalty and wore them strung into leis. In India, the plant is common in the compounds of temples and is known as Madar. The fruit is a follicle and when dry, seed dispersal is by wind. This plant plays host to a variety of insects and butterflies. In Indonesia its flowers is called widuri.

Pollination

Calotropis is an example of Entomophily pollination (pollination by insects) and pollination is achieved with the help of bees. In Calotropis, gynostegium is present (formed by the fusion of stigma and androecium). The pollen are arranged in a structure named Pollinia which are attached to a glandular, adhesive disc at the stigmatic angle (Translator Mechanism). These sticky discs get attached to the legs of visiting bees so that pollinia are pulled out when the bee moves away. When such a bee visits another flower, this flower gets pollinated by the sticky pollinia.

**** PLANTS OF HAWAII
www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=calotropis+gigantea&…

**** PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS
www.stuartxchange.org/Kapal-kapal.html

Family • Asclepiadaceae
Kapal-kapal
Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) Dryand.
GIGANTIC SWALLOW-WORT

Botany
Kapal-kapal is a medium-sized shrub growing to a height of 2 to 3 meters, the young parts covered with appressed white hairs. Bark is pale. Leaves are obovate or oblong, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 to 8 cm wide, cottony beneath, poiinted at the tip, heart-shaped at the base. Flowers have a faint odor, downy on the outside, arranged in aillary or subterminal, simple or compound, inflorescences. Corolla is 1.5 ro 2.5 cm across, usually white, sometimes dull-purple or purplish-lilac; the lobs are ovate-lanceolate, and spreading. Fruit is a follicle, recurved, 7.5 to 10 cm long. Seeds are ovate, 5 to 6 mm long.

Distribution
Introduced; now pantropic in cultivation.
Cultivated for its flowers.

Constituents
Active principle appears to be a yellow, bitter resin.
Root bark contains two substances closely resembling alban and fluavil found in gutta-percha.
Latex contains cardiac glycosides, calotopin, uscharin, calotoxin, calactin and uscharidin; gigantin. Also contains the protease calotropin DI and DII and calotropin FI and FII.
Study isolated stigmasterol and b- sitosterol from the dried root bark powder extracts.

Properties
Root bark considered emetic, used as substitute for ipecac.
Latex is considered bitter, heating, purgative, caustic, acrid, expectorant, depilatory, anthelmintic.
The latex calotropin, gigantin and uscharin have digitalis-like action on the heart.
Latex used to induce abortion and infanticide.
Flowers are considered digestive, stomachic, tonic.

Parts used
Bark

Uses
Culinary
In Java, the central part of the flower used to make sweetmeat.
Folkloric
Bark in small doses, dried and powdered, used as alterative and tonic; in larger doses, an emetic.
Root-bark used for skin diseases, enlargement of the abdominal viscera, intestinal worms, coughs, ascites, anasarca.
Pulverized root, made into ointment, used in the treatment of old ulcers.
Root bark and inspissated juiced used for leprosy, syphilis, cachexia, idiopathic ulcerations, dysentery, diarrhea, and chronic rheumatism.
Leaves, warmed and moistened with oil, used as dry fomentation for abdominal pains; also, as rubifacient.
In India, the acrid milky juice from bruised leaves and stems used for skin affections and as depilatory.
Fresh or dried juice from the root-bark taken internally as alterative or purgative.
Juice taken internally or locally as abortifacient. A stick smeared with the juice is pushed into the os uteri and left there until uterine contractions are induced.
For toothaches, milky juice mixed with salt used for toothache; or juiced cotton inserted in the decayed tooth.
Juice of young buds used for earache.
Milky juice used for ringworm of the scalp, sinus problems and anal fistula; also used for pile, and mixed with honey for aphthae of the mouth.
Flowers used for coughs, asthma, catarrh, and loss of appetite.
Others
Flowers are strung into rosaries.
Bark: Fiber from inner bark once used in the manufacture of cloth for the nobility.
Seeds said to have been used in making thread in Borneo.
Wood used in making charcoal and gun-powder.
Stems yield a durable fiber for products for underwater use: nets, halters, lines, ropes.
Floss of seeds used for stuffing mattresses.
Salted acrid milky juice used to remove hair from hides.
Root makes a good tooth cleanser.
Infanticide: As poison, the juice, forced down the throat of infants, was a reported method of infanticide employed by castes, with the purpose of putting the girl babies to death.

Studies
• Anti-Diarrheal: Study of the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial part of C gigantea on castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rats showed remarkable anti-diarrheal effect.
• Latex / Wound Healing: Study using an excision and incision wound model showed to latex to have significant wound healing activity, similar to the standard FSC (Framycetin sulphate cream).
• Antibacterial: Study showed the latex to possess potent bactericidal activity attributed to the presence of biologically active ingredients with antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Anti-inflammatory studies of extracts of T procumbens and C gigantea showed greater anti-inflammatory action with the combined effect of CG and TP with ibuprofen than ibuprofen alone, probably through the potentiation of its inhibitory effect on the synthesis and release of various inflammatory mediators.
• Vasodilation: Effect of latex from C gigantea in the green frog R hexadactyla showed a significant increase in cardiac output. Evidence suggests the prime action of latex on the cardiovascular system involves changes in the cation (Ca, Na) permeability, with consequent excitation of Ca channels in the heart muscle and an increase coronary flow. Therefore, dilatation property is likely responsible for the pharmacologic actions of the latex.
• Hepatoprotective: Preliminary screening yielded triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and glycosides. Study showed C gigantea stem extract reduced lipid peroxidation and significantly improved biochemical parameters in CCL4-treated rats.
• Cytotoxic / Pregnanone: Study yielded a new pregnanone, named calotropone, together with a known glycoside, from the ethanolic extract of the roots of C gigantea. The compounds exhibited inhibitory effects toward chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 and human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell lines.
• Antipyretic: Study showed the extract of C gigantea to have potent antipyretic activity against both yeast-induced and TAB-vaccine induced fever, suggesting a potential source for a cheaper and potent antipyretic agent.
• Insecticidal: Study of extracts of C gigantea showed insecticidal activity against T castaneum.

Availability
Wild-crafted.

Flowers, fruit and leaves of Calotropis gigantea, Giant Milkweed …Hoa, trái và lá B?ng B?ng, Lá Hen, Bàng bi?n ..


Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Vietnamese named : B?ng B?ng , Lá hen, Bàng bi?n
English names : Giant Milkweed, Giant Calotrope, Crown flower.
Scientist name : Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton
Synonyms : Calotropis gigantea ( Linn.) Dryand
Family : Apocynaceae / Asclepiadoideae . H? La B? Ma / chi B?ng B?ng

Searched from :

**** WIKI
vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_B%C3%B2ng_b%C3%B2ng

Chi Bòng bòng (hay chi B?ng b?ng) (danh pháp khoa h?c: Calotropis) là m?t chi th?c v?t trong phân h? Bông tai (Asclepiadoideae) c?a h? La b? ma (Apocynaceae) v?i 6-8 loài cây s?n xu?t ra nh?a cây có màu gi?ng nh? s?a. Chúng là các loài c? d?i khá ph? bi?n ? nhi?u n?i trên th? gi?i. Hoa c?a chúng th?m và th??ng ???c dùng làm các lo?i ‘qu? tua hoa’ ? m?t vài n?i thu?c ?ông Nam Á.

**** YKHOA.NET
www.ykhoanet.com/yhoccotruyen/baiviet/29_430.htm

Ch?a ?au nh?c r?ng b?ng cây nhà lá v??n
Ng?t lá cây hen (còn g?i là cây b?ng b?ng, cây bàng bi?n), l?y nh?a ti?t ra ??t vào h? r?ng c?ng gi?m ???c ?au nh?c. Cây có tên khoa h?c Calotropis gigantea, cao 5-7 m. Cành có lông tr?ng. Lá m?c ??i dài 15-20 cm, r?ng 5-10 cm, ch?a ho?t ch?t Calotropin. Hoa màu tr?ng xám ho?c ??m h?ng. Qu? nhi?u h?t. Dân gian th??ng dùng h?t ?? ch?a ?au r?ng và ch?a hen.

**** VIETNAM CREATURES.NET
www.vncreatures.net/chitiet.php?page=1&loai=2&ID=…
Tên Vi?t Nam:
B?ng b?ng

Tên Latin:

Calotropis gigantea
H?: Thiên lý Asclepiadaceae
B?: Long ??m Gentianales
L?p (nhóm): Cây làm thu?c

Mô t?:
Cây nh?, m?c thành xim g?m nhi?u tán ? nách hay ? ng?n. Qu? ??i hình giáo. H?t có mào lông. Toàn cây có nh?a m?.
Phân b?:
Loài c?a ?n ??, Xri Lanca, Mianma, Trung Qu?c, Vi?t Nam, In?ônêxia, Malaixia. ? n??c ta cây m?c nhi?u n?I t? b?c chí Nam. Th??ng m?c trên ??t có cát ? các t?nh ven bi?n, nh?ng c?ng g?p ? ??ng b?ng và c? ? vùng trung du. Cây c?ng th??ng ???c tr?ng b?ng nh?ng ?o?n cành.
Công d?ng:
Có khi ???c tr?ng làm cây c?nh, làm hàng rào. Lá th??ng dùng tr? ho, hen suy?n, l? ng?a. Còn dùng ch?a ng? ??c, r?n c?n, m?n m?, b??u, ?inh nh?t, ?au r?ng, ?au mi?ng, ?au m?t, ?au tim, b?nh hoa li?u, b?nh ??u mùa, b?nh ngoài da, v?t c?n, v?t ??t và các v?t th??ng khác.
? ?n ??, ng??i ta còn dùng c?n thu?c chi?t t? lá ?? ?I?u tr? b?nh s?t rét c?n. Nh?a m? dùng v?i li?u th?p làm thu?c gây nôn, li?u cao s? gây ??c. Th??ng dùng ch?a ki?t l? nh?. Dùng ngoài ??p tr? viêm kh?p, ??p lên các gh? m?n, các v?t loét, l?u, giang mai. Tr?n v?i m?t ong dùng ?? ??p lên các m?n loét trong mi?ng. T?m vào bông r?i vò viên nhét vào l? r?ng ?au s? làm ng?ng ?au nh?c. Nh?a cây ph?i h?p v?i nh?a x??ng r?ng 5 c?nh làm thu?c x?; c?ng dùng gây nôn v?i li?u cao và còn dùng ?? ??u tr? b?nh phong h?i, ki?t l? và dùng ??p tr? b?nh s?ng chân voi. Hoa nghi?n b?t dùng tr? c?m, ho hen và tiêu hoá kém. ? Trung Qu?c, ng??i ta dùng lá tr? háo suy?n, ho gà, viêm nhánh khí qu?n; v? r? dùng tr? gh? và b?nh giang mai.

Mô t? loài: Tr?n H?p – Phùng m? Trung.

**** TRUNG TÂM PHÒNG CH?NG NHI?M ??C : Xin nh?p và ???ng link ?? xem thông tin ??y ??, c?m ?n .
hocvienquany.vn/trungtamchongdoc/HoSoCSDL.aspx?ID=13

________________________________________________________

**** WIKI
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotropis_gigantea

Calotropis gigantea (Crown flower) is a species of Calotropis native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and China.
It is a large shrub growing to 4 m tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in colour. Each flower consists of five pointed petals and a small, elegant "crown" rising from the centre, which holds the stamens. The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem.

The flowers last long, and in Thailand they are used in various floral arrangements. They were also supposed to be popular with the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani, who considered them as symbol of royalty and wore them strung into leis. In India, the plant is common in the compounds of temples and is known as Madar. The fruit is a follicle and when dry, seed dispersal is by wind. This plant plays host to a variety of insects and butterflies. In Indonesia its flowers is called widuri.

Pollination

Calotropis is an example of Entomophily pollination (pollination by insects) and pollination is achieved with the help of bees. In Calotropis, gynostegium is present (formed by the fusion of stigma and androecium). The pollen are arranged in a structure named Pollinia which are attached to a glandular, adhesive disc at the stigmatic angle (Translator Mechanism). These sticky discs get attached to the legs of visiting bees so that pollinia are pulled out when the bee moves away. When such a bee visits another flower, this flower gets pollinated by the sticky pollinia.

**** PLANTS OF HAWAII
www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=calotropis+gigantea&…

**** PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS
www.stuartxchange.org/Kapal-kapal.html

Family • Asclepiadaceae
Kapal-kapal
Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) Dryand.
GIGANTIC SWALLOW-WORT

Botany
Kapal-kapal is a medium-sized shrub growing to a height of 2 to 3 meters, the young parts covered with appressed white hairs. Bark is pale. Leaves are obovate or oblong, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 to 8 cm wide, cottony beneath, poiinted at the tip, heart-shaped at the base. Flowers have a faint odor, downy on the outside, arranged in aillary or subterminal, simple or compound, inflorescences. Corolla is 1.5 ro 2.5 cm across, usually white, sometimes dull-purple or purplish-lilac; the lobs are ovate-lanceolate, and spreading. Fruit is a follicle, recurved, 7.5 to 10 cm long. Seeds are ovate, 5 to 6 mm long.

Distribution
Introduced; now pantropic in cultivation.
Cultivated for its flowers.

Constituents
Active principle appears to be a yellow, bitter resin.
Root bark contains two substances closely resembling alban and fluavil found in gutta-percha.
Latex contains cardiac glycosides, calotopin, uscharin, calotoxin, calactin and uscharidin; gigantin. Also contains the protease calotropin DI and DII and calotropin FI and FII.
Study isolated stigmasterol and b- sitosterol from the dried root bark powder extracts.

Properties
Root bark considered emetic, used as substitute for ipecac.
Latex is considered bitter, heating, purgative, caustic, acrid, expectorant, depilatory, anthelmintic.
The latex calotropin, gigantin and uscharin have digitalis-like action on the heart.
Latex used to induce abortion and infanticide.
Flowers are considered digestive, stomachic, tonic.

Parts used
Bark

Uses
Culinary
In Java, the central part of the flower used to make sweetmeat.
Folkloric
Bark in small doses, dried and powdered, used as alterative and tonic; in larger doses, an emetic.
Root-bark used for skin diseases, enlargement of the abdominal viscera, intestinal worms, coughs, ascites, anasarca.
Pulverized root, made into ointment, used in the treatment of old ulcers.
Root bark and inspissated juiced used for leprosy, syphilis, cachexia, idiopathic ulcerations, dysentery, diarrhea, and chronic rheumatism.
Leaves, warmed and moistened with oil, used as dry fomentation for abdominal pains; also, as rubifacient.
In India, the acrid milky juice from bruised leaves and stems used for skin affections and as depilatory.
Fresh or dried juice from the root-bark taken internally as alterative or purgative.
Juice taken internally or locally as abortifacient. A stick smeared with the juice is pushed into the os uteri and left there until uterine contractions are induced.
For toothaches, milky juice mixed with salt used for toothache; or juiced cotton inserted in the decayed tooth.
Juice of young buds used for earache.
Milky juice used for ringworm of the scalp, sinus problems and anal fistula; also used for pile, and mixed with honey for aphthae of the mouth.
Flowers used for coughs, asthma, catarrh, and loss of appetite.
Others
Flowers are strung into rosaries.
Bark: Fiber from inner bark once used in the manufacture of cloth for the nobility.
Seeds said to have been used in making thread in Borneo.
Wood used in making charcoal and gun-powder.
Stems yield a durable fiber for products for underwater use: nets, halters, lines, ropes.
Floss of seeds used for stuffing mattresses.
Salted acrid milky juice used to remove hair from hides.
Root makes a good tooth cleanser.
Infanticide: As poison, the juice, forced down the throat of infants, was a reported method of infanticide employed by castes, with the purpose of putting the girl babies to death.

Studies
• Anti-Diarrheal: Study of the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial part of C gigantea on castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rats showed remarkable anti-diarrheal effect.
• Latex / Wound Healing: Study using an excision and incision wound model showed to latex to have significant wound healing activity, similar to the standard FSC (Framycetin sulphate cream).
• Antibacterial: Study showed the latex to possess potent bactericidal activity attributed to the presence of biologically active ingredients with antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Anti-inflammatory studies of extracts of T procumbens and C gigantea showed greater anti-inflammatory action with the combined effect of CG and TP with ibuprofen than ibuprofen alone, probably through the potentiation of its inhibitory effect on the synthesis and release of various inflammatory mediators.
• Vasodilation: Effect of latex from C gigantea in the green frog R hexadactyla showed a significant increase in cardiac output. Evidence suggests the prime action of latex on the cardiovascular system involves changes in the cation (Ca, Na) permeability, with consequent excitation of Ca channels in the heart muscle and an increase coronary flow. Therefore, dilatation property is likely responsible for the pharmacologic actions of the latex.
• Hepatoprotective: Preliminary screening yielded triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and glycosides. Study showed C gigantea stem extract reduced lipid peroxidation and significantly improved biochemical parameters in CCL4-treated rats.
• Cytotoxic / Pregnanone: Study yielded a new pregnanone, named calotropone, together with a known glycoside, from the ethanolic extract of the roots of C gigantea. The compounds exhibited inhibitory effects toward chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 and human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell lines.
• Antipyretic: Study showed the extract of C gigantea to have potent antipyretic activity against both yeast-induced and TAB-vaccine induced fever, suggesting a potential source for a cheaper and potent antipyretic agent.
• Insecticidal: Study of extracts of C gigantea showed insecticidal activity against T castaneum.

Availability
Wild-crafted.

Flowers and buds of Calotropis gigantea, Giant Milkweed …Hoa và n? B?ng B?ng, Lá Hen, Bàng bi?n …


Image by Vietnam Plants & America plants
Some photos in this set were up loaded in my old account " jesuismal " which I deleted.

Ch?p hình ? th? xã B?n L?c, t?nh Long an, Mi?n nam Vietnam.
Taken in B?n L?c town, Long An province, South Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : B?ng B?ng , Lá hen, Bàng bi?n
English names : Giant Milkweed, Giant Calotrope, Crown flower.
Scientist name : Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton
Synonyms : Calotropis gigantea ( Linn.) Dryand
Family : Apocynaceae / Asclepiadoideae . H? La B? Ma / chi B?ng B?ng

Searched from :

**** WIKI
vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_B%C3%B2ng_b%C3%B2ng

Chi Bòng bòng (hay chi B?ng b?ng) (danh pháp khoa h?c: Calotropis) là m?t chi th?c v?t trong phân h? Bông tai (Asclepiadoideae) c?a h? La b? ma (Apocynaceae) v?i 6-8 loài cây s?n xu?t ra nh?a cây có màu gi?ng nh? s?a. Chúng là các loài c? d?i khá ph? bi?n ? nhi?u n?i trên th? gi?i. Hoa c?a chúng th?m và th??ng ???c dùng làm các lo?i ‘qu? tua hoa’ ? m?t vài n?i thu?c ?ông Nam Á.

**** YKHOA.NET
www.ykhoanet.com/yhoccotruyen/baiviet/29_430.htm

Ch?a ?au nh?c r?ng b?ng cây nhà lá v??n
Ng?t lá cây hen (còn g?i là cây b?ng b?ng, cây bàng bi?n), l?y nh?a ti?t ra ??t vào h? r?ng c?ng gi?m ???c ?au nh?c. Cây có tên khoa h?c Calotropis gigantea, cao 5-7 m. Cành có lông tr?ng. Lá m?c ??i dài 15-20 cm, r?ng 5-10 cm, ch?a ho?t ch?t Calotropin. Hoa màu tr?ng xám ho?c ??m h?ng. Qu? nhi?u h?t. Dân gian th??ng dùng h?t ?? ch?a ?au r?ng và ch?a hen.

**** VIETNAM CREATURES.NET
www.vncreatures.net/chitiet.php?page=1&loai=2&ID=…
Tên Vi?t Nam:
B?ng b?ng

Tên Latin:

Calotropis gigantea
H?: Thiên lý Asclepiadaceae
B?: Long ??m Gentianales
L?p (nhóm): Cây làm thu?c

Mô t?:
Cây nh?, m?c thành xim g?m nhi?u tán ? nách hay ? ng?n. Qu? ??i hình giáo. H?t có mào lông. Toàn cây có nh?a m?.
Phân b?:
Loài c?a ?n ??, Xri Lanca, Mianma, Trung Qu?c, Vi?t Nam, In?ônêxia, Malaixia. ? n??c ta cây m?c nhi?u n?I t? b?c chí Nam. Th??ng m?c trên ??t có cát ? các t?nh ven bi?n, nh?ng c?ng g?p ? ??ng b?ng và c? ? vùng trung du. Cây c?ng th??ng ???c tr?ng b?ng nh?ng ?o?n cành.
Công d?ng:
Có khi ???c tr?ng làm cây c?nh, làm hàng rào. Lá th??ng dùng tr? ho, hen suy?n, l? ng?a. Còn dùng ch?a ng? ??c, r?n c?n, m?n m?, b??u, ?inh nh?t, ?au r?ng, ?au mi?ng, ?au m?t, ?au tim, b?nh hoa li?u, b?nh ??u mùa, b?nh ngoài da, v?t c?n, v?t ??t và các v?t th??ng khác.
? ?n ??, ng??i ta còn dùng c?n thu?c chi?t t? lá ?? ?I?u tr? b?nh s?t rét c?n. Nh?a m? dùng v?i li?u th?p làm thu?c gây nôn, li?u cao s? gây ??c. Th??ng dùng ch?a ki?t l? nh?. Dùng ngoài ??p tr? viêm kh?p, ??p lên các gh? m?n, các v?t loét, l?u, giang mai. Tr?n v?i m?t ong dùng ?? ??p lên các m?n loét trong mi?ng. T?m vào bông r?i vò viên nhét vào l? r?ng ?au s? làm ng?ng ?au nh?c. Nh?a cây ph?i h?p v?i nh?a x??ng r?ng 5 c?nh làm thu?c x?; c?ng dùng gây nôn v?i li?u cao và còn dùng ?? ??u tr? b?nh phong h?i, ki?t l? và dùng ??p tr? b?nh s?ng chân voi. Hoa nghi?n b?t dùng tr? c?m, ho hen và tiêu hoá kém. ? Trung Qu?c, ng??i ta dùng lá tr? háo suy?n, ho gà, viêm nhánh khí qu?n; v? r? dùng tr? gh? và b?nh giang mai.

Mô t? loài: Tr?n H?p – Phùng m? Trung.

**** TRUNG TÂM PHÒNG CH?NG NHI?M ??C : Xin nh?p và ???ng link ?? xem thông tin ??y ??, c?m ?n .
hocvienquany.vn/trungtamchongdoc/HoSoCSDL.aspx?ID=13

________________________________________________________

**** WIKI
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotropis_gigantea

Calotropis gigantea (Crown flower) is a species of Calotropis native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and China.
It is a large shrub growing to 4 m tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in colour. Each flower consists of five pointed petals and a small, elegant "crown" rising from the centre, which holds the stamens. The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem.

The flowers last long, and in Thailand they are used in various floral arrangements. They were also supposed to be popular with the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani, who considered them as symbol of royalty and wore them strung into leis. In India, the plant is common in the compounds of temples and is known as Madar. The fruit is a follicle and when dry, seed dispersal is by wind. This plant plays host to a variety of insects and butterflies. In Indonesia its flowers is called widuri.

Pollination

Calotropis is an example of Entomophily pollination (pollination by insects) and pollination is achieved with the help of bees. In Calotropis, gynostegium is present (formed by the fusion of stigma and androecium). The pollen are arranged in a structure named Pollinia which are attached to a glandular, adhesive disc at the stigmatic angle (Translator Mechanism). These sticky discs get attached to the legs of visiting bees so that pollinia are pulled out when the bee moves away. When such a bee visits another flower, this flower gets pollinated by the sticky pollinia.

**** PLANTS OF HAWAII
www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=calotropis+gigantea&…

**** PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS
www.stuartxchange.org/Kapal-kapal.html

Family • Asclepiadaceae
Kapal-kapal
Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) Dryand.
GIGANTIC SWALLOW-WORT

Botany
Kapal-kapal is a medium-sized shrub growing to a height of 2 to 3 meters, the young parts covered with appressed white hairs. Bark is pale. Leaves are obovate or oblong, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 to 8 cm wide, cottony beneath, poiinted at the tip, heart-shaped at the base. Flowers have a faint odor, downy on the outside, arranged in aillary or subterminal, simple or compound, inflorescences. Corolla is 1.5 ro 2.5 cm across, usually white, sometimes dull-purple or purplish-lilac; the lobs are ovate-lanceolate, and spreading. Fruit is a follicle, recurved, 7.5 to 10 cm long. Seeds are ovate, 5 to 6 mm long.

Distribution
Introduced; now pantropic in cultivation.
Cultivated for its flowers.

Constituents
Active principle appears to be a yellow, bitter resin.
Root bark contains two substances closely resembling alban and fluavil found in gutta-percha.
Latex contains cardiac glycosides, calotopin, uscharin, calotoxin, calactin and uscharidin; gigantin. Also contains the protease calotropin DI and DII and calotropin FI and FII.
Study isolated stigmasterol and b- sitosterol from the dried root bark powder extracts.

Properties
Root bark considered emetic, used as substitute for ipecac.
Latex is considered bitter, heating, purgative, caustic, acrid, expectorant, depilatory, anthelmintic.
The latex calotropin, gigantin and uscharin have digitalis-like action on the heart.
Latex used to induce abortion and infanticide.
Flowers are considered digestive, stomachic, tonic.

Parts used
Bark

Uses
Culinary
In Java, the central part of the flower used to make sweetmeat.
Folkloric
Bark in small doses, dried and powdered, used as alterative and tonic; in larger doses, an emetic.
Root-bark used for skin diseases, enlargement of the abdominal viscera, intestinal worms, coughs, ascites, anasarca.
Pulverized root, made into ointment, used in the treatment of old ulcers.
Root bark and inspissated juiced used for leprosy, syphilis, cachexia, idiopathic ulcerations, dysentery, diarrhea, and chronic rheumatism.
Leaves, warmed and moistened with oil, used as dry fomentation for abdominal pains; also, as rubifacient.
In India, the acrid milky juice from bruised leaves and stems used for skin affections and as depilatory.
Fresh or dried juice from the root-bark taken internally as alterative or purgative.
Juice taken internally or locally as abortifacient. A stick smeared with the juice is pushed into the os uteri and left there until uterine contractions are induced.
For toothaches, milky juice mixed with salt used for toothache; or juiced cotton inserted in the decayed tooth.
Juice of young buds used for earache.
Milky juice used for ringworm of the scalp, sinus problems and anal fistula; also used for pile, and mixed with honey for aphthae of the mouth.
Flowers used for coughs, asthma, catarrh, and loss of appetite.
Others
Flowers are strung into rosaries.
Bark: Fiber from inner bark once used in the manufacture of cloth for the nobility.
Seeds said to have been used in making thread in Borneo.
Wood used in making charcoal and gun-powder.
Stems yield a durable fiber for products for underwater use: nets, halters, lines, ropes.
Floss of seeds used for stuffing mattresses.
Salted acrid milky juice used to remove hair from hides.
Root makes a good tooth cleanser.
Infanticide: As poison, the juice, forced down the throat of infants, was a reported method of infanticide employed by castes, with the purpose of putting the girl babies to death.

Studies
• Anti-Diarrheal: Study of the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial part of C gigantea on castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rats showed remarkable anti-diarrheal effect.
• Latex / Wound Healing: Study using an excision and incision wound model showed to latex to have significant wound healing activity, similar to the standard FSC (Framycetin sulphate cream).
• Antibacterial: Study showed the latex to possess potent bactericidal activity attributed to the presence of biologically active ingredients with antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Anti-inflammatory studies of extracts of T procumbens and C gigantea showed greater anti-inflammatory action with the combined effect of CG and TP with ibuprofen than ibuprofen alone, probably through the potentiation of its inhibitory effect on the synthesis and release of various inflammatory mediators.
• Vasodilation: Effect of latex from C gigantea in the green frog R hexadactyla showed a significant increase in cardiac output. Evidence suggests the prime action of latex on the cardiovascular system involves changes in the cation (Ca, Na) permeability, with consequent excitation of Ca channels in the heart muscle and an increase coronary flow. Therefore, dilatation property is likely responsible for the pharmacologic actions of the latex.
• Hepatoprotective: Preliminary screening yielded triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and glycosides. Study showed C gigantea stem extract reduced lipid peroxidation and significantly improved biochemical parameters in CCL4-treated rats.
• Cytotoxic / Pregnanone: Study yielded a new pregnanone, named calotropone, together with a known glycoside, from the ethanolic extract of the roots of C gigantea. The compounds exhibited inhibitory effects toward chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 and human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell lines.
• Antipyretic: Study showed the extract of C gigantea to have potent antipyretic activity against both yeast-induced and TAB-vaccine induced fever, suggesting a potential source for a cheaper and potent antipyretic agent.
• Insecticidal: Study of extracts of C gigantea showed insecticidal activity against T castaneum.

Availability
Wild-crafted.

Post Abortion Trauma

Some cool post abortion trauma images:

Post Abortion Trauma


Image by The Eyes Of New York

Cool High Chest Pain images

Check out these high chest pain images:

Pine Medieval Chest front


Image by JARM13
This is my first carved chest it’s about 30" long ,16" high and 12" deep . I really liked the interlocking ring design on the lid . It was a bit of a pain to carve though . It’s hand carved with traditional wood carving tools . Heck , the chest was built with traditional with wood working tools . It has hand made dovetails and even the beading on the molding was done with a molding hand plane . I do use a table saw to cut the boards to length for some projects though . The design on the front is original , but closely based on a medieval design . So don’t blame a medieval artist for my bad art work , his was better . I just stole various elements .

Pine Medieval Chest lid


Image by JARM13
This is my first carved chest it’s about 30" long ,16" high and 12" deep . I really liked the interlocking ring design on the lid . It was a bit of a pain to carve though . It’s hand carved with traditional wood carving tools . Heck , the chest was built with traditional wood working tools . It has hand made dovetails and even the beading on the molding was done with a molding hand plane . I do use a table saw to cut the boards to length for some projects though .

Is Alkaline water to contribute to joint pain and inflammation?

Question by : Is Alkaline water to contribute to joint pain and inflammation?
I have been drinking alkaline water on and off for several months. I have been having terrible ball of foot pain and knee pain and more recently other joint pain- elbow, wrist. My friend suggested that it could be due to the water. I drink the 9.5 when I have it. Sometimes I drink regular bottle water and regular ice cubes as well so I really didn’t think it was to attribute to my pain. Just wondered what anyone else thought about all my pains.

Best answer:

Answer by onlymatch4u
Yes, it absolutely could be due to the water. Alkaline water is a scam that has seem to caught on due to some clever marketing and distribution of misinformation. The idea caught on when it became obvious it is desirable to have the internal body in an alkaline state and the outside of the body (such as on the skin & hair) to be acidic.

The problem is that the first place the water gets to when you drink it in terms of a destination, is your stomach. And what does your stomach contain? Hydrochloric acid. It is produced in the parietal cells of the stomach at an acidic level of 0.8 pH or almost pure acid. When the alkaline water enters the stomach, the acid neutralizes the alkalinity and turns the water acidic. This needs to happen because if the pH of the stomach is higher than 3.0, very little calcium, magnesium, and zinc are absorbed in the jejunum (upper part of the small intestine).

Fortunately, the amount of minerals in water is minimal and that is what regulates the pH. If you are using an ionizer to make the alkaline water and filling it with tap water, you need to think about what that means. Tap water contains all kinds of pollutants, disinfecting byproducts that are about 10,000 times more harmful than chlorine. When you ionize that water, all the ions separate and are free to recombine with any of the other elements in the water. So you end up with all kinds of very strange combinations. One free radical is generated called the OH- ion. This free radical can cross the blood brain barrier and damage the nigral cells that produce dopamine.

Alkaline water brings in hydroxides that begins to oxidize the body. In the short run, people feel better drinking alkaline water, but the long run it is not good. Japanese research has made this very clear.

Acidic water brings Hydrogen Ions into the body that the body needs. Natural spring water is around 7.0 pH or a little less and that is good water. It is a little acidic and produced in nature.

Inflammation around the joints is due to infection. The body responds to infection by creating inflammation to increase blood flow to the area. The omega 6 fatty acids create inflammation. The omega 3 fatty acids decrease inflammation. It’s important to increase your intake of omega 3 fatty acids and decrease the omega 6 fatty acids. Fat digestion plays a big part in the success or failure of addressing this inflammation problem. If you have an insufficient gallbladder or insufficient liver for any reason, you will not be digesting your fats well and this can play a big part in how your body is able to cope with infections.

Knee pain as you have described it, can be attributed to kidney insufficiency. This is very common in America today. Dehydration is the number one deficiency. The average person needs water at the following rate:

Take your total body weight and divide by 2. That number is the amount of water in ounces that you need to drink each and everyday. Along with that, you should consume 1/4 teaspoon of “air dried sea salt” in conjunction with each quart of water you drink. This puts the electrolytes in your body that will give you proper hydration. The typical white table salt you buy in stores like the Morton Salt, for instance, is terrible for you and has loads of chemicals added. Avoid that junk. If you drink ANY diuretic drinks like, sodas, coffee, tea, alcohol, commercially prepared fruit drinks, energy drinks, etc., these all dehydrate you and you will need to add more water to the total to compensate for the water loss due to these diuretic drinks. Take the total ounces of the diuretic drinks and multiply by 1.5 and add that total to the original total to come up with the proper amount of water you need to drink each day.

Good luck to you

Give your answer to this question below!

Is having a trauma kit in my car worth it?

Question by X: Is having a trauma kit in my car worth it?
Let’s face it… Our world is filled with uncertainty.. The car that turned out when he was too busy texting to look both ways. The little boy who rides his bicycle out into the intersection without looking. The guy who is up to no good and decides to rob the local quickie mart… I’ve always been into medical things and police/fire. I drive around a lot and see a lot of things. I am in no way, shape, fashion or form licensed or trained to do anything medical. However I’m still prepared to do something like CPR or put pressure on bleeding or what have you. I have a trauma kit in the back of my car everything from IV bags, to IV starting kits, airways, tubes, chest seals, gauze, trauma bandages, quickclot etc…. I don’t know how to use it, but maybe someone who arrives there before the paramedics do does… Is this worth what I just spent on it? Anyone else have/do the same thing?

Included is a lot of the little stuff too.. Advil, tylenol, benadryl, bandaids, neosporin so it’s not just for full fledge wrecks.

Best answer:

Answer by M
Far better to have it and not need it than to need it and not have it.

What do you think? Answer below!